Arthrogryposis, also known as congenital joint contracture, is a condition characterised by multiple joint contractures present at birth. These contractures, or abnormal stiffening and bending of the joints, can affect any part of the body and can range in severity from mild to severe.
The cause of arthrogryposis is not always known, but it can be caused by a variety of factors including genetic disorders, maternal illness or injury during pregnancy, or developmental problems in the womb. In some cases, the condition is associated with a specific genetic disorder such as Freeman-Sheldon syndrome or Larsen syndrome.
Symptoms of arthrogryposis can include joint stiffness and limited range of motion in the affected joints, as well as muscle weakness and underdevelopment. The condition can also affect the muscles and nerves, leading to problems with movement, sensation, and muscle tone.
Diagnosis of arthrogryposis is typically made through physical examination, imaging studies, and genetic testing. Treatment for the condition can vary depending on the severity and specific joints affected, but may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, and in some cases, surgery.
While arthrogryposis can present challenges for those affected, many individuals with the condition are able to lead fulfilling lives with the help of supportive care and management. Advances in technology and medicine have also improved the prognosis for individuals with arthrogryposis, with many now able to enjoy greater mobility and independence.
It's important to note that arthrogryposis is a rare condition and each case is unique, so the severity, symptoms and the treatment may vary widely. It's also important to seek care from a multidisciplinary team of specialists including Orthopaedics, Physical therapy, Occupational therapy and Genetic counsellor, who can help with the diagnosis, treatment and management of this condition.